Excel math functions

Math functions in Excel, explained with live examples.

80 math functions in Excel — 2 documented in depth so far, the rest indexed below and landing every week.

Documented math functions

Syntax, examples, and the equivalent — ready now.

All Excel math functions

The full set — deep dives on the way.

ABS: Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS: Returns the arccosine of a number
ACOSH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
ACOT: Returns the arccotangent of a number
ACOTH: Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number
AGGREGATE: Returns an aggregate in a list or database
ARABIC: Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number
ASIN: Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN: Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2: Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
ATANH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
BASE: Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base)
CEILING.MATH: Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
CEILING.PRECISE: Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
COMBIN: Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
COMBINA: Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given number of items
COS: Returns the cosine of a number
COSH: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COT: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COTH: Returns the cotangent of an angle
CSCH: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle
DECIMAL: Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number
DEGREES: Converts radians to degrees
EVEN: Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXP: Returns e raised to the power of a given number
FACT: Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE: Returns the double factorial of a number
FLOOR.MATH: Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
FLOOR.PRECISE: Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
GCD: Returns the greatest common divisor
INT: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
ISO.CEILING: Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
LCM: Returns the least common multiple
LN: Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG: Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG10: Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
MDETERM: Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MINVERSE: Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MMULT: Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD: Returns the remainder from division
MROUND: Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL: Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
MUNIT: Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension
ODD: Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
PERCENTOF: Sums the values in the subset and divides it by all the values
PI: Returns the value of pi
POWER: Returns the result of a number raised to a power
PRODUCT: Multiplies its arguments
QUOTIENT: Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS: Converts degrees to radians
RAND: Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDARRAY: Returns an array of random numbers between 0 and 1. However, you can specify the number of rows and columns to fill, minimum and maximum values, and whether to return whole numbers or decimal values.
RANDBETWEEN: Returns a random number between the numbers you specify
ROMAN: Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text
ROUND: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN: Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP: Rounds a number up, away from zero
SEC: Returns the secant of an angle
SECH: Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle
SERIESSUM: Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula
SIGN: Returns the sign of a number
SIN: Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SQRT: Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI: Returns the square root of (number * pi)
SUBTOTAL: Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM: Adds its arguments
SUMIF: Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMIFS: Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria
SUMPRODUCT: Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
SUMSQ: Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
SUMX2MY2: Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2: Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2: Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
TAN: Returns the tangent of a number
TANH: Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC: Truncates a number to an integer

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