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ROMAN function in Excel

Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text

=ROMAN(number, [form])

ROMAN syntax and parameters

Two arguments, one required.

  • numbernumberRequired

    The Arabic numeral you want converted.

  • formnumberOptional

    A number specifying the type of roman numeral you want. The roman numeral style ranges from Classic to Simplified, becoming more concise as the value of form increases. See the example following ROMAN(499,0) below.

ROMAN examples

Formulas you'll actually reuse.

  1. A year or chapter number as a classic Roman numeral:

    =ROMAN(B2)

    Result"MMXXVI"

  2. The most simplified form (4) — 499 becomes ID instead of CDXCIX:

    =ROMAN(499, 4)

    Result"ID"

ROMAN in Google Sheets

Same name — your formula ports as-is.

Try ROMAN in the playground

Edit the example — nothing to install.

Preloaded with the ROMAN formula from Example 1 — change anything and watch it respond.

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ROMAN errors

What they mean — and the fixes.

  • #VALUE!

    The number is negative or above 3999 — Roman numerals stop there.

Related functions

More ways Excel gets this done.