Google Sheets math functions

Math functions in Google Sheets, explained with live examples.

84 math functions in Google Sheets — 3 documented in depth so far, the rest indexed below and landing every week.

Documented math functions

Syntax, examples, and the equivalent — ready now.

All Google Sheets math functions

The full set — deep dives on the way.

ABS: Returns the absolute value of a number.
ACOS: Returns the inverse cosine of a value, in radians.
ACOSH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.
ACOT: Returns the inverse cotangent of a value, in radians. .
ACOTH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a value, in radians. Must not be between -1 and 1, inclusive..
ASIN: Returns the inverse sine of a value, in radians.
ASINH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.
ATAN: Returns the inverse tangent of a value, in radians.
ATAN2: Returns the angle between the x-axis and a line segment from the origin (0,0) to specified coordinate pair (`x`,`y`), in radians.
ATANH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
BASE: Converts a number into a text representation in another base, for example, base 2 for binary. .
CEILING: Rounds a number up to the nearest integer multiple of specified significance.
CEILING.MATH: Rounds a number up to the nearest integer multiple of specified significance, with negative numbers rounding toward or away from 0 depending on the mode.
CEILING.PRECISE: Rounds a number up to the nearest integer multiple of specified significance. If the number is positive or negative, it is rounded up.
COMBIN: Returns the number of ways to choose some number of objects from a pool of a given size of objects.
COMBINA: Returns the number of ways to choose some number of objects from a pool of a given size of objects, including ways that choose the same object multiple times. .
COS: Returns the cosine of an angle provided in radians.
COSH: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of any real number.
COT: Cotangent of an angle provided in radians. .
COTH: Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of any real number. .
COUNTBLANK: Returns the number of empty cells in a given range.
COUNTIF: Returns a conditional count across a range.
COUNTIFS: Returns the count of a range depending on multiple criteria.
COUNTUNIQUE: Counts the number of unique values in a list of specified values and ranges.
CSCH: The CSCH function returns the hyperbolic cosecant of any real number. .
DECIMAL: The DECIMAL function converts the text representation of a number in another base, to base 10 (decimal). .
DEGREES: Converts an angle value in radians to degrees.
ERFC: Returns the complementary Gauss error function of a value.
ERFC.PRECISE: See
EVEN: Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer.
EXP: Returns Euler's number, e (~2.718) raised to a power.
FACT: Returns the factorial of a number.
FACTDOUBLE: Returns the "double factorial" of a number.
FLOOR.MATH: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer multiple of specified significance, with negative numbers rounding toward or away from 0 depending on the mode.
FLOOR.PRECISE: The FLOOR.PRECISE function rounds a number down to the nearest integer or multiple of specified significance. .
GAMMALN: Returns the the logarithm of a specified Gamma function, base e (Euler's number).
GAMMALN.PRECISE: See
GCD: Returns the greatest common divisor of one or more integers.
IMLN: Returns the logarithm of a complex number, base e (Euler's number).
IMPOWER: Returns a complex number raised to a power.
IMSQRT: Computes the square root of a complex number.
INT: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer that is less than or equal to it.
ISEVEN: Checks whether the provided value is even.
ISO.CEILING: See
ISODD: Checks whether the provided value is odd.
LCM: Returns the least common multiple of one or more integers.
LN: Returns the the logarithm of a number, base e (Euler's number).
LOG: Returns the the logarithm of a number given a base.
LOG10: Returns the the logarithm of a number, base 10.
MOD: Returns the result of the modulo operator, the remainder after a division operation.
MROUND: Rounds one number to the nearest integer multiple of another.
MULTINOMIAL: Returns the factorial of the sum of values divided by the product of the values' factorials.
MUNIT: Returns a unit matrix of size dimension x dimension. .
ODD: Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer.
PI: Returns the value of Pi to 14 decimal places.
POWER: Returns a number raised to a power.
PRODUCT: Returns the result of multiplying a series of numbers together.
QUOTIENT: Returns one number divided by another.
RADIANS: Converts an angle value in degrees to radians.
RAND: Returns a random number between 0 inclusive and 1 exclusive.
RANDARRAY: Generates an array of random numbers between 0 and 1. .
RANDBETWEEN: Returns a uniformly random integer between two values, inclusive.
ROUND: Rounds a number to a certain number of decimal places according to standard rules.
ROUNDDOWN: Rounds a number to a certain number of decimal places, always rounding down to the next valid increment.
ROUNDUP: Rounds a number to a certain number of decimal places, always rounding up to the next valid increment.
SEC: The SEC function returns the secant of an angle, measured in radians. .
SECH: The SECH function returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle.
SERIESSUM: Given parameters x, n, m, and a, returns the power series sum a1xn + a2x(n+m) + ... + aix(n+(i-1)m), where i is the number of entries in range `a`.
SIGN: Given an input number, returns `-1` if it is negative, `1` if positive, and `0` if it is zero.
SIN: Returns the sine of an angle provided in radians.
SINH: Returns the hyperbolic sine of any real number.
SQRT: Returns the positive square root of a positive number.
SQRTPI: Returns the positive square root of the product of Pi and the given positive number.
SUBTOTAL: Returns a subtotal for a vertical range of cells using a specified aggregation function.
SUM: Returns the sum of a series of numbers and/or cells.
SUMIF: Returns a conditional sum across a range.
SUMIFS: Returns the sum of a range depending on multiple criteria.
SUMSQ: Returns the sum of the squares of a series of numbers and/or cells.
TAN: Returns the tangent of an angle provided in radians.
TANH: Returns the hyperbolic tangent of any real number.
TRUNC: Truncates a number to a certain number of significant digits by omitting less significant digits.

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